Richie Truxillo’s Anatomy Study Guide Final Version

A Short Introduction

My name is Richie, and I survived Anatomy. I didn’t make an A but I made As near the end of the course consistently. It’s because I didn’t know how to study for anatomy my first time. If you are at WVSOM, ask Dr. Fisk or Dr. Martin to tell you my story. I don’t mind and I am sure they would enjoy taking 5 minutes to say a few words about my struggle. The first block, I brute memorized everything, tagged EVERY structure on my cadaver (it looked like a Christmas tree LOL) and read the lab manual. I got into the tests and I overthought everything, and when I put down the right answer, I would erase it…My practical exam answer sheet looked like one big eraser smudge mark. I scored real low obviously. But after that, nothing but high Bs and then high As! I am confident I can help you succeed in anatomy, because lemme tell ya, I’ve been to the bottom and back!

My study setup

TEST TIPS!

Tips for the written test:

1) KNOW WHAT EACH STRUCTURE DOES! KNOW HOW THEY RELATE.
Having the vocabulary is nice but if you dont know what it does, you’re
up the creek without a paddle.

2) DO NOT JUST THINK CLINICALLY! If you think just clinically,
you’re thinking way too far. Think how the anatomy *could* relate clinically
and stop there. Overthinking will cause you to choose a wrong answer.
Think like an anatomist. ask yourself “What concept are they testing
here?” Do not think “Well this pathology causes this to happen
so blah blah blah…”

3) READ THE LAB MANUAL. The anatomists wrote it, it
is your main anatomy guide. All other resources are secondary, read the
lab manual over and over again. Take it with you to the bathroom, take
it to dinner. Sleep on it like a pillow and pray for osmosis. The lab
manual is your FRIEND so use it well. You can use COA and the grid book
to REINFORCE concepts out of the manual, but be sure to read the manual.

4) READ EACH QUESTION TWICE: Don’t read the case and
automatically assume you know the answers to all the questions. The cases
have distractors in them to purposely get you to overthink things. It’s
semi organized like the COMLEX so always choose the BEST answer.

5) DON’T FORGET AUTONOMICS and EMBRYOLOGY: They will
be on there, so read it. Those clinical black boxes in the lab manual
are awesome for figuring it out. Cross-reference with the Netter atlas
of human embryology!

6) PROOFREAD YOUR ESSAYS (PBL ONLY): This is another big duh but
you’d be surprised how I forget sometimes. I wrote about some really stupid
topics last time cause I stressed myself out and didn’t proofread. The PBL essays are generally half a page in length and test broad important concepts like explaining portal circulation or why Scarpa’s fascia is so important, or even how testicular cancer spreads to the brain. You gotta know your shiznit but it is not impossible, I promise!

7) DO NOT FREAKIN CHANGE YOUR ANSWERS (this is really for me
personally hehe)

Tips for the Practical Portion of the Test

1) LEARN ALL BOLD FACED TERMS AND WHERE THEY ARE. Duh.
no explanation needed.

2) USE NETTER TESTS TO REINFORCE YOUR MENTAL “WORD BANK”
The more you use the vocabulary and the more you test yourself
on it and the more you use something the more likely you can recall it.

3) DURING THE TEST, START WITH SOMETHING YOU INSTANTLY RECOGNIZE.
Getting your test off on the right foot boosts your confidence level,
focuses your mind and gives you a good attitude.

4) IF YOU BLANK, WALK AWAY AND ANSWER SOMETHING ELSE Compare
it in another cadaver and it usually comes back to you.

5) ALWAYS FOLLOW A VESSEL TO IT’S END POINT! Never assume
you know something by where it comes off of. Always follow it to where
it is going. Sure that Superior Vesicular artery may look darn good being
the first branch off but if it goes to the inferior portion of the bladder,
you’ve screwed up!

6) THINK THROUGH THE RADIOGRAPHS AND CROSS SECTIONS BY LOOKING
AT THE CADAVERS It’s not like they are running a sweat shop there,
just go back and look at the anatomy on cadavers and reason it out if
you are not sure about what a radiograph is. CT Scans are easy to figure
out if you know just ONE STRUCTURE in the film.

7) DO NOT FREAKIN CHANGE YOUR ANSWERS (yep for me again hehe)

Perfect dissection videos and other website resources!

http://www.anatomy.wisc.edu/courses/gross/
<– Full dissection of cadaver with all structures shown. Great to
watch when ordering a pizza.

http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/haonline/toc.htm
<— Full descriptions of structures. GREAT for Osteology! (Thanks
Elly)

Richie’s Netter Tests!

Download and use with the netter CD! Instructions
are as follows:

1) Download these files and extract them (using winzip) somewhere that
you can remember (preferably the desktop)

2) Open and run the Netter’s CD.

3) Goto “TESTS” on the left side of the menu bar and left click

4) On the menu that appears to the right, select “OPEN TEST”

5) Select one of the test files you downloaded and load the test.

6) Choose either “Name” (where it points to a structure and
you type it in) or “Locate” (where it gives you the name and
you point it out on the plate)

Download Richie’s Netter’s
Anatomy Tests Here (CLICK TO DOWNLOAD TESTS!)

Total around 3400 Netter test questions. Should average out to 5-7 seconds
per answer. (Either ya know it or ya dont, Repetition, Repetition,
Repetition!)

DO NOT UNDERESTIMATE THESE TESTS…they have pulled myself and many others thru anatomy…even from OTHER SCHOOLS! You want these!

Back, Lower Limbs, and Upper Limbs with Osteology

Anatomy
boldfaced terms to know for written and practical exams.

*Version two added on February 2, 2005 11:19 PM

UPPER
LIMB

Thoracic wall

Anterior Cutaneous Nerves

Lateral Cutaneous Nerves

Supraclavicular Nerve

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

Pectoralis Major

Pectoralis Minor

Lateral Pectoral Nerve

Deltopectoral Groove

Medial Pectoral Nerve

Clavipectoral Nerve

Thoracic Branches of the thoraco-acromial trunk (artery)

Serratus Anterior Muscle

Subclavius muscle

Axillary Artery

Axillary Vein

Scalenus Anterior Muscle

Phrenic Nerve

Thoracoacromial trunk (artery)

Lateral Thoracic Artery

Subscapular Artery

Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery

Brachial Plexus

Axillary Sheath

Long Thoracic Nerve

Brachial
Plexus

“Richie Truxillo Drinks Cold Beer”

(Stands for: Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Nerves)

Laterial Cord, Medial Cord, Posterior Cord

Anterior Brachium

Cephalic Vein

Musculocutaneous Nerve

Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve

Ulnar Nerve

Brachial Artery

Superior Ulnar Collateral Artery

Inferior Ulnar Collateral Artery

Muscular Branches (arteries)

Coracobrachialis Muscle

Biceps Brachii muscle (short and long head)

Transverse Humeral ligament

Bicipital Aponeurosis

Brachialis Muscle

Posterior
Thorax

Trapezius Muscle

Latissimus Dorsi Muscle

Levator Scapulae Muscle

Rhomboid Major

Rhomboid Minor

Supraspinatus Muscle

Subacromial Bursa (subdeltoid)

Infraspinatus Muscle

Teres Minor Muscle

Teres Major Muscle

Quadrangular Space

Suprascapular Ligament

Suprascapular Nerve

Suprascapular Artery

Transverse Cervical Artery

Descending Scapular Artery

Dorsal Scapular Nerve

Circumflex Branch of the Subscapular Artery

Subscapularis Muscle

Subscapularis Bursa

Rotator Cuff Muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis)

Posterior
Brachium

Deltoid Muscle (anterior, middle, posterior heads)

Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery

Triceps Brachii (long, lateral and medial heads)

Radial Nerve

Profunda Brachii Artery

Anterior Antebrachium

Basilic Vein

Median Cubital Vein

Pronator Teres Muscle

Superficial Forearm Flexor Muscles (Common flexor origin)

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Palmaris Longus Muscles

Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Muscle

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Pronator Quadratus Muscle

Radial Artery

Ulnar Artery

Radial Recurrent Artery

Anterior Ulnar Recurrent Artery

Posterior Ulnar Recurrent Artery

Common Interosseous Artery

Anterior Interosseous Artery

Posterior Interosseous Artery

Interosseous Recurrent Artery

Volar
Hand

Palmar Aponeurosis

Flexor Pollicis Brevis Muscle

Abductor Pollicis Brevis Muscle

Recurrent Branch of the Median Nerve

Opponens Pollicis Muscle

Flexor Digiti Minimi Muscle

Abductor Digiti Minimi muscle

Opponens Digiti Minimi muscle

Superficial Palmar Arch

Common Palmar Digital Artery

Proper Palmar Digital Arteries

Superficial Radial Artery

Guyon’s Canal

Flexor Retinaculum

Carpal Tunnel

Digital Sheath

Digital Synovial Sheath

Common Flexor Synovial Sheath (ulnar bursa)

Vincula Tendineum

Lumbrical Muscles

Adductor Pollicis Muscle

Palmar Interosseous Muscles

Deep Palmar (arterial) Arch

Palmar Metacarpal Arteries

Princeps Pollicis Artery

Radialis Indicis Artery

Deep Transverse Metacarpal Ligament

Posterior
Antebrachium

Superficial Radial Nerve

Deep Radial Nerve

Supinator Muscle

Brachioradialis Muscle

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Muscle

Common Extensor Origin

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Muscle

Anconeus Muscle

Extensor Digitorum muscle

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Muscles

Abductor Pollicis Longus muscle

Extensor Pollicis Brevis muscle

Extensor Pollicis Longus muscle

Extensor Digiti Minimi muscles

Extensor Expansion (Extensor aponeurosis)

Extensor Hood

Dorsal Interosseous Muscles

Glenohumeral Joint

Supraspinatus muscle

Infraspinatus muscle

Subscapularis muscle

Teres Minor Muscle

Transverse Humeral Ligament

Coracoacromial Ligament

Glenoid Labrum

Acromioclavicular
Joint

Acromioclavicular Ligament

Coracoclavicular Ligaments

Sternoclavicular joint

Sternoclavicular Ligament

Costoclavicular Ligament

Articular Disc

Elbow Joint

Ulnar Collateral Ligament

Radial Collateral Ligament

Anular Ligament

Wrist Joint

Radiocarpal Ligaments

Radial Collateral Ligaments

Ulnar Collateral Ligaments

Articular Disc

Digital Joints

Palmar Ligament

Medial Collateral Ligaments

Lateral Collateral Ligaments

THE
BACK

Back – Superficial

Supraspinous Ligament

Nuchal Ligament

Thoracolumbar Fascia

Trapezius Muscle

Greater Occipital Nerve

Latissimus Dorsi Muscle

Spinal Accessory Nerve

Levator Scapulae Muscle

Rhomboid Major Muscle

Rhomboid Minor Muscle

Dorsal (descending) Scapular Artery

Dorsal (descending) Scapular Nerve

Serratus Posterior Superior Muscle

Serratus Posterior Inferior Muscle

Back – Deep Layers

Splenius Capitis

Splenius Cervicis Muscles

Posterior Layer of the Thoracolumbar Fascia

Anterior Layer of the Thoracolumbar Fascia

Erector Spinae Musculature

Erector Spinae Aponeurosis

Spinalis Muscle

Longissimus Muscle (Thoracis, Cervicis and Capitis)

Iliocostalis Muscle (Thoracis, Cervicis and Lumborum)

Transversospinalis Muscles (semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores)

Semispinalis Muscle

Semispinalis Capitis

Semisplanlis Cervicis

Deep Cervical Vein

Deep Cervical Artery

Multifidus Muscle

Rotatores Muscle

Suboccipital Triangle

Obliquus Capitis Inferior Muscle

Obliquus Capitis Superior Muscle

Longissimus Capitis Muscle

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Muscle

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Muscle

Myodural Bridge

Suboccipital Nerve

Accessory Back Muscles

Levatores Costarum Muscles (brevis, longis)

External Intercostal Muscle

Quadratus Lumborum Muscle

Spinal Cord

Costotransverse Ligaments

Intertransverse Ligaments

Interspinous Ligament

Ligamentum Flavum

Epidural Space

Vertebral Plexus

Meninges

Dura Mater

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

Arachnoid (membrane contains CSF)

Subarachnoid Space

Posterior Spinal Arteries

Pia Mater

Denticulate Ligament

Spinal Cord

Dorsal Roots

Ventral Roots

Dorsal Root Ganglion

Dorsal Ramus

Ventral Ramus

Recurrent Meningeal Nerve

Conus Medullaris

Filum Terminale

Cauda Equina

Filum of the Dura Mater

The Lower Limb: Gluteal Region

Gluteal Fascia

Iliotibial Tract (IT Band)

Gluteus Maximus Muscle

Posterior Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh

Gluteus Medius Muscle

Inferior Gluteal Nerve

Inferior Gluteal Artery

Inferior Gluteal Vein

Gluteus Minimus Muscle

Tensor Fascia Latae Muscle

Superior Gluteal Nerve

Superior Gluteal Artery

Superior Gluteal Vein

Sciatic Nerve

Piriformis Muscle

Greater Sciatic Foramen

Obturator Internus Muscle

Lesser Sciatic Foramen

Superior Gemellus Muscle

Inferior Gemellus Muscle

Quadratus Femoris Muscle

Obturator Externus Muscle

Lateral Rotator Muscles

Sacrotuberous Ligament

Sacrospinous Ligament

Biceps Femoris Muscle

Short head of the Biceps Femoris

Long head of the Biceps Femoris

Semitendinosus Muscle

Semimembranosus Muscle

LOWER

LIMB

Anterior Thigh

Anterior Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh

Fascia Latae

Greater Saphenous Vein

Lesser Saphenous Vein

Perforating Veins

Saphenous Opening (fossa ovalis)

Femoral Vein

Femoral sheath

Femoral artery

Femoral Canal

Femoral Ring

Lacunar Ligament

Femoral Nerve

Femoral Triangle

Sartorius Muscle

Quadriceps Femoris Muscle

Rectus Femoris Muscle

Vastus Medialis

Vastus Intermedius Muscle

Vastus Lateralis Muscle

Iliopsoas Muscle

Pectineus Muscle

Adductor Longus

Gracilis

Adductor Brevis

Obturator Nerve

Adductor Magnus

Profunda Femoris Artery

Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery

Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery

Perforating Arteries

Adductor Canal

Descending Genicular Artery

Saphenous Nerve

Popliteal Fossa

Medial Sural Cutaneous Nerve

Lateral Sural Cutaneous Nerve

Popliteal Vein

Tibial Nerve (medial popliteal)

Common Fibular Nerve (Lateral popliteal)

Popliteal Artery

Superior Medial Genicular Artery

Superior Lateral Genicular Artery

Inferior Medial Genicular Artery

Inferior Lateral Genicular Artery

Gastrocnemius Muscle

Popliteus Muscle

Crural Fascia

Triceps Surae Muscle

Calcaneal Tendon (Tendo Calcaneus)

Soleus Muscle

Plantaris Muscle

Flexor Digitorum Longus Muscle

Flexor Hallucis Longus Muscle

Tibilis Posterior Muscle

Anterior Tibial Artery

Posterior Tibial Artery

Fibular Artery

Nutrient Artery

Venae Commitantes

Plantar Aspect of the Foot

Plantar Aponeurosis

Superficial Transverse Metatarsal Ligament

Medial Plantar Nerve

Medial Plantar Artery

Lateral Plantar Nerve

Lateral Plantar Artery

Plantar Digital Nerves

Plantar Digital Artery

Medial Calcaneal Nerve

Abductor Hallucis

Abductor Digiti Minimi Muscle

Flexor Digitorum Brevis Muscle

Lumbrical Muscles

Quadratus Plantae Muscle

Flexor Hallucis Brevis Muscle

Adductor Hallucis Muscle

Oblique Head

Transverse Head

Flexor Digiti Minimi Muscle

Plantar Metatarsal Arteries

Plantar Digital Arteries

Perforating Artery

Deep Plantar Artery

Dorsal Interosseous Muscle

Plantar Interosseous Muscle

Flexor Retinaculum (Laciniate Ligament)

Anterior Leg and Dorsal Aspect of the foot

Superior Extensor Retinaculum

Inferior Extensor Retinaculum

Superior Fibular Retinaculum

Inferior Fibular Retinaculum

Synovial Sheaths

Tibialis Anterior Muscle

Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle

Extensor Hallucis Longus

Deep Fibular Nerve

Fibularis longus Muscle

Fibularis Brevis Muscle

Superficial Fibular Nerve

Fibularis Tertius Muscle

Extensor Digitorum Brevis Muscle

Extensior Hallucis Brevis Muscle

Dorsalis Pedis Artery

Medial Malleolar Branches

Lateral Malleolar Branches

Arcuate Artery

Dorsal Metatarsal Artery

Dorsal Digital Arteries

1st Dorsal Metatarsal Artery

Hip Joint (Coxofemoral Joint)

Iliofemoral Ligament

Ligamentum Teres

Ischiofemoral Ligament

Head of the Femur

Acetabulum

Lunate Surface

Knee Joint

Medial (Tibial) Collateral Ligament

Lateral (Fibular) Collateral Ligament

Patellar Tendon

Patellar Ligament

Suprapatellar Bursa

Infrapatellar Fat Pad

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Posterior Cruciate Ligament

Medial Meniscus

Lateral Meniscus

Coronary Ligaments

Transverse Genicular Ligament

Ankle Joint

Deltoid Ligament

Calcaneofibular Ligament

Anterior Talofibular Ligament

Posterior Talofibular Ligament

Anterior Tibiofibular Ligament

Posterior Tibiofibular Ligament

Intertarsal Joints

Long plantar ligament

Short plantar ligament (plantar calcaneocuboid)

Spring Ligament (Plantar Calcaneonavicular Ligament)

Metatarsophalangeal and Interphalangeal Joints

Plantar Ligament (plate)

Medial Collateral Ligament

Lateral Collateral Ligament
And if you lose
your mind…CLICK HERE FOR A LAUGH

Richie Truxillo’s Anatomy Study Guide - Thorax and Abdomen

Anatomy boldfaced terms to know for written and practical exams.

*Version one added on Saturday, February 26, 2005 9:38 PM

THORACIC REGION

Osteology Junk

Vertebral body (centrum)

Vertebral (neural) arch

Transverse process

Spinous process

Articular processes

Articular facets

Facet joints (zygapophyseal joints)

Pedicle

Lamina

Thoracic vertebrae

Superior articular facet

Inferior articular facet

Demifacet for head of rib

Facet for tubercle of rib

Facet for head of rib

Ribs (costae)

Proximal end

Distal end

Articular facets

Tubercle

Articular facets of tubercle

Shaft

Costal angle

Costal groove

3rd through 9th ribs (typical)

1st rib

tuberosity for scalenus medius m.

sulcus for subclavian a.

scalene tubercle

sulcus for subclavian v.

2nd rib

10th rib

Floating ribs 11 and 12

Sternum

Manubrium

Sternal notch

Clavicular notch

1st costal notch

Sternal body

Sternal angle (of Louis)

2nd costal notch

costal notches

costal cartilages

Anterior Thoracic Wall

Intercostal NN.

Anterior cutaneous branch

Lateral cutaneous branch

External intercostals membrane

Internal intercostal mm.

Internal intercostal membrane

Intercostal

Vein

Artery

Nerve

Costal cartilage

Radiate sternocostal ligament

Xiphisternal process

Internal thoracic (internal mammary) aa.

Transverses thoracic m.

Parietal pleura

Endothoracic fascia

Pleural cavity

Mediastinum

Superior

Inferior

Anterior

Middle

Posterior

Pleural Cavities, Mediastinum, lungs and other barnyard animals

Root of the lung

Hilum of lung

Visceral pleura

Pulmonary ligament

Costodiaphragmatic recess

Costomediastinal recess

Cupola of pleura

Suprapleural membrane

Phrenic N.

Pericardiacophrenic a.

Azygos v.

Pericardium

Fibrous

Parietal

Visceral (epicardium)

Pericardial cavity

Oblique pericardial sinus

Transverse pericardial sinus

Central tendon

Brachiocephalic vv.

Left and right

Brachiocephalic trunk (artery)

Right subclavian a.

Right common carotid a.

Left common carotid a.

Left subclavian a.

Vertebral a.

Thyrocervical trunk (artery)

Costocervical trunk (artery)

Deep cervical a.

Superior intercostal a.

Lung stuff

Trachea

Primary bronchus (left and right)

Carina

Secondary (lobar) bronchi

Apex

Left lung

Upper lobe

Lower lobe

Oblique fissure

Lingula

Right lung

Oblique fissure

Upper lobe

Middle lobe

Lower lobe

Horizontal fissure

Bronchopulmonary segment

Tertiary bronchus

Quaternary bronchus

Pulmonary a.

Pulmonary vv.

Posterior Thoracic Wall

Esophagus

Vagus N. (left and right)

Esophageal plexus (nerves)

Vagal trunks

Anterior

Posterior

Left recurrent laryngeal N.

Ligamentum arteriosum

Ductus arteriosus - fetal

Right recurrent laryngeal N.

Intercostal vv.

Hemiazygos v.

Accessory hemiazygos v.

Thoracic (descending) aorta

Thoracic duct

Right lymphatic duct

Sympathetic trunk

Chain ganglia

Thoracic splanchnic NN.

Greater, lesser, least

Rami communicantes (nerve)

White ramus cummunicans

Gray ramus communicans

Bronchial aa.

Esophageal aa.

Heart
- tons of crap that can go wrong with it
Superior vena cava

Inferior vena cava

Right atrium

Right auricle

Sternocostal surface

Pulmonary trunk

Right ventricle

Pulmonary aa. (right and left)

Ascending aorta

Diaphragmatic surface

Right (acute) margin

Pulmonary surface

Left ventricle

Obtuse margin

Apex

Left auricle

Base

Left atrium

Pulmonary vv.

Coronary sulcus

Anterior interventricular sulci

Posterior interventricular sulci

Right coronary a.

Nodal a.

Right marginal a.

Posterior interventricular (descending) a.

Coronary sinus

Cardiac vv.

Small, middle, great

Left marginal v.

Left coronary a.

Circumflex coronary a.

Left marginal a.

Anterior interventricular (descending, LAD) a.

Diagonal branch

Fossa ovalis

Limbus

Pectinate mm.

Crista terminalis

Ostium of coronary sinus

Sino-atrial (SA) node

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Right AV (tricuspid) valve

Trabeculae carneae

Chordae tendineae

Anterior papillary m.

Septal cusps

Septal papillary m.

Septomarginal trabecula (moderator band)

Pulmonary semilunar valve

Ant and post cusps

Left AV (mitral) valve

Anterior and posterior papillary mm.

Ant and post cusps

Aortic semilunar valve

Post, right, and left cusps

Ostia of coronary aa.

THE ABDOMEN (and you thought you were done haha!)

Osteology (aka the free points)

Lumbar vertebrae

Transverse process

Accessory process

Mammillary process

Abdominal wall

Cleavage lines (Langer’s lines)

Anterior cutaneous N.

Lateral cutaneous N.

Thoraco-epigastric vv.

Superficial epigastric vv.

Camper’s fascia

Scarpa’s fascia

External abdominal oblique m.

Inguinal ligament

Deep anterior abdominal wall

Internal abdominal oblique m.

Thoracoabdominal nn.

Transversus abdominis m.

Rectus sheath

Linea alba

Rectus abdominus m.

Inferior epigastric aa.

Superior epigastric aa.

Arcuate line (linea semicircularis)

Parietal peritoneum

Falciform ligament

Round ligament (ligamentum teres) of liver

Obliterated umbilical vein

Median umbilical fold (ligament)

Medial umbilical fold (ligament)

Lateral umbilical fold (ligament)

Peritoneal cavity and viscera

Greater omentum

Epigastric region

Liver

Fundus of gall bladder

Coronary ligament

Left triangular ligament

Lesser omentum

Quadrate lobe

Hepatoduodenal ligament

Lesser sac

Omental (epiploic) foramen of Winslow

Caudate lobe

Right triangular ligament

Bare area of liver

Stomach

Cardia

Cardiac orifice

Lower esophageal sphincter

Fundus

Body

Pylorus

Pyloric sphincter

Lesser curvature

Hepatogastric ligament

Greater curvature

Greater omentum

Gastrocolic ligament

Spleen

Gastrosplenic ligament

Phrenicosplenic ligament

Splenorenal ligament

Small intestine

First (superior) part of duodenum

Second
(descending) part of duodenum

Ileum

Ileocecal junction

Root of the mesentery

Third (horizontal) part of duodenum

Fourth (ascending) part of duodenum

Jejunum

Duodenul-jejunal flexure

Suspensory ligament of duodenum

Duodenal recesses

Cecum

Large intestine

Tenia coli

Haustra

Appendices epiploicae

Vermiform appendix

Mesoappendix

Ascending colon

Right colic (hepatic) flexure

Transverse colon

Left colic flexure

Phrenicocolic ligament

Transverse mesocolon

Descending colon

Sigmoid colon

Sigmoid mesocolon

Intersigmoid recess

Rectum

Paracolic gutters

The Vasculature (stuff Dr. Martin will delight in tagging along with
the Lacunar Ligament)

Common bile
duct

Common hepatic a.

Portal v.

Cystic duct

Common hepatic duct

Right and left hepatic ducts

Gastroduodenal a.

Hepatic a. proper

Right and left hepatic aa.

Cystic a.

Right gastric a.

Celiac trunk

Celiac ganglia

Celiac plexus

Posterior vagal trunk

Anterior vagal trunk

Splenic a.

Left gastric a.

Esophageal branches

left gastric v. (coronary v.)

pancreatic branches of splenic a.

short gastric aa.

Left gastro-omental a.

Supraduodenal a.

Right gastro-omental a.

Superior pancreatico-duodenal a.

Anterior superior pancreatico-duodenal a.

Posterior superior pancreatico-duodenal a.

Superior mesenteric a.

Inferior pancreatico-duodenal a.

Anterior inferior pancreatico-duodenal a.

Posterior inferior pancreatico-duodenal a.

Jejunal aa.

Vasa recta

Arcade

Ileal
aa.

Ileocolic a.

Anterior cecal branch

Posterior cecal branch

Appendicular branch

Ileal branch

Right colic a.

Right colic branch

Middle colic a.

Inferior mesenteric a.

Left colic a.

Marginal a. (of Drummond)

Superior sigmoid a.

Superior rectal aa.

Superior mesenteric v.

Inferior mesenteric v.

Splenic v.

Portal v.

Left gastric v.

Porta hepatic

Left and right portal vv.

Left and right hepatic vv.
And if you lose
your mind…CLICK HERE FOR A LAUGH

Richie Truxillo’s Anatomy Study Guide - Pelvis and Perineum

Anatomy boldfaced terms to know for written and practical exams.

*Version one added on March 12, 2005 1:52 PM*

Pelvis and Perineum Word List

Osteology

Sacrum

Anterior (pelvic) sacral foramina

Ala (wing)

Promontory

Transverse lines

Coccyx

Superior articular processes

Sacral hiatus

Sacral canal

Posterior (dorsal) sacral foramina

Auricular surface

Os Coxa

Iliac crest

ASIS

PSIS

Auricular surface

Pubic crest

Pubic tubercle

Superior pubic ramus

Pectineal line

Pelvic Inlet and Outlet

Iliac crest

Arcuate line

Pectineal line

Ala of the sacrum

False pelvis

Pelvic inlet

Pubic symphysis

Inferior pubic ramus

Ischiopubic ramus

Ischial tuberosities

Ischial spines

Coccyx

Pelvic outlet

Abdominopelvic cavity

Peritoneal cavity

Ligaments of the pelvis

Inguinal ligament

Pubic symphysis

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Iliolumbar ligament

Anterior sacroiliac ligament

Posterior sacroiliac ligament

Sacrotuberous ligament

Sacrospinous ligament

Soft Tissue Organs of the Peritoneum and structures

Pancreas

Head, body, tail (of pancreas)

Main pancreatic duct

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

Sphincter of Oddi

Accessory pancreatic duct

Major duodenal papilla

Minor duodenal papilla

Gall bladder

Cystic duct

Liver

Bare area

Lobes

Right and left

Quadrate

Caudate

Right sagittal fossa

Left sagittal fissure

Transverse fissure

Porta hepatic

Hepatic vv.

Impressions

Colic

Duodenal

Pyloric

Gastric

Renal

Spleen

Diaphragmatic surface

Visceral surface

Gastric area

Pancreatic area

Renal area

Colic area

Splenic hilus

Digestive organs

Rugae

Plicae circulares

Retroperitoneal
stuff

Renal aa.

Inferior suprarenal aa.

Middle suprarenal aa.

Gonadal aa.

Left and right testicular/ovarian aa.

Inferior phrenic aa.

Superior suprarenal aa.

Lumbar aa.

Common iliac aa.

External ilial aa.

Internal iliac aa.

Deep circumflex iliac a.

Superficial circumflex iliac a.

Superficial pudendal a.

Renal vv.

Gonadal vv.

Left and right testicular or ovarian vv.

Lumbar vv.

Inferior phrenic vv.

Ascending lumbar v.

Common iliac vv.

Internal iliac vv.

External iliac vv.

Renal fascia

Pararenal fat

Perirenal fat

Kidney

Suprarenal (adrenal) glands

Ureter

Renal pedicle

Fibrous capsule

Renal cortex

Renal medulla

Pyramids

Renal columns

Apex of pyramid

Renal papilla

Minor calyx

Major calyx

Renal pelvis

Renal sinus

Quadratus lumborum m.

Nerves

Subcostal n.

Iliohypogastric n.

Ilioinguinal n.

Genitofemoral n.

Femoral branch

Genital branch

Lateral cutaneous n. of thigh

Femoral n.

Thoracic
diaphragm

Central tendon

Vena caval foramen

Esophageal hiatus

Aortic hiatus

Left and Right crus

Median arcuate ligament

Medial arcuate ligament

Lateral arcuate ligament

Urinary Bladder

Urinary bladder

Apex

Retropubic space

Neck

Pubovesical ligaments (females)

Puboprostatic ligament (males)

Trigone

Internal urethral sphincter

Detrusor urinae m.

Vesical aa.

Superior

Middle

inferior

Medial umbilical fold

Inguinal region

Male: Spermatic Cord and Scrotum

Spermatic cord

Ilioinguinal n.

Superficial inguinal ring

Medial (superior) crus

Lateral (inferior) crus

Intercrural fibers

Deep inguinal ring

Inguinal ligament

Cremaster m.

Cremasteric fascia (int. abd. oblique fascia)

Conjoined tendon (falx inguinalis)

Inguinal (Hesselbach’s) triangle

Direct and Indirect inguinal hernia’s

External spermatic fascia (ext abd oblique fascia)

Internal spermatic fascia (transversalis fascia)

Testicular a.

Testicular v.

Pampiniform plexus

Genitofemoral n.

Genital branch

Femoral branch

Dartos m.

Dartos fascia

Tunica vaginalis

Epididymis

Head, body, and tail

Tunica albuginea

Female stuff:

Uterus

Body

Fundus

Pelvic fascia

Vesicouterine pouch

Rectouterine pouch

Broad ligament

Isthmus (internal os)

Cervix

Uterine ostium (external os)

Fornix

Ovary

Ovarian a.

Suspensory ligament

Ovarian ligament

Round ligament of uterus

Rectouterine folds

Uterosacral ligament

Lateral cervical ligament (cardinal ligament)

Pararectal spaces

Broad ligament

Mesometrium

Mesosalpinx

Mesovarium

Oviduct (fallopian or uterine tube)

Infundibulum

Fimbriae

Ampulla of oviduct

Isthmus

Uterine (intramural) part of oviduct

Uterine a.

Vaginal aa.

Branches of Internal Iliac Artery

Parietal branches

Obturator a.

Ilio-lumbar a.

Lateral sacral aa.

Superior gluteal a.

Inferior gluteal a.

Internal pudendal a.

Visceral branches

Umbilical a.

Superior vesicle a.

Umbilical ligament

Middle rectal a.

Uterine a.

Inferior vesical a.

Male Hardware and associated stuff

Prostate

Prosate

Prostatic plexus (nerve)

Prostatic venous plexus

Prostatic urethra

Membranous urethra

Ampulla of the ductus deferens

Seminal vesicle

Ejaculatory duct

Prostatic utricle

Ischiorectal Fossa and surrounding structures

Internal pudendal a.

Pudendal n.

Pudendal canal

Inferior rectal

Nerve

Artery

Vein

Arcus tendineus

Retrorectal space

Anterior recess

Pelvic diaphragm

Urogenital diaphragm

Perineal n.

Deep transverse perineus m.

Sphincter urethrae m.

Dorsal nerve of penis/clitoris

Posterior scrotal nn.

Posterior labial nn.

Internal pudendal a.

Transverse perineal a.

Posterior scrotal/labial a.

Deep artery of penis/clitoris

Dorsal artery of penis/clitoris

Artery to urethral bulb (male)

Artery to vestibular bulb (female)

Pelvic Diaphragm and Anal Canal

Coccygeus m.

Levator ani m.

Iliococcygeus m.

Anococcygeal ligament

Pubococcygeus m.

Puborectalis m.

Levator prostatae m. (male)

Pubovaginalis m. (female)

Anal canal

Internal anal sphincter

External anal sphincter

Central tendon of the perineum (perineal body)

Middle rectal v.

Superior rectal v.

Superficial Perineal Pouch and External Genitalia

Superficial perineal pouch

Male

Suspensory ligament of the penis

Deep fascia of penis (Buck’s fascia)

Deep dorsal vein of penis

Dorsal arteries of penis

Dorsal nerves of penis

Corpus cavernosum

Crura of penis

Ischiocavernosus m.

Tunica albuginea

Septum penis

Penile (spongy) urethra

Corpus spongiosum

Glans penis

Prepuce

Urethral bulb

Bulbospongiosus mm.

Central tendon

Superficial transverse perinea mm.

Female

Vulva

Mons pubis

Round ligament of uterus

Labia minora

Vestibule

Orifice of vagina

External urethral orifice

Corpora cavernosa clitoridis

Body of clitoris

Glans clitoris

Prepuce of clitoris

Ischiocavernosus m.

Corpus spongiosum

Vestibular bulbs

Greater vestibular glands

Bulbospongiosus m.

Central tendon

Fascia of the Superficial Perineal Pouch

Superficial perineal fascia (Colle’s fascia)

Urogenital Diaphragm

Deep perineal pouch

Male

Deep transverse perineus mm.

Membranous urethra

Female

Sphincter urethrae m.

Deep transverse perineus mm.

Joints of the Pelvis

Symphysis pubis

Superior pubic ligament

Arcuate pubic ligament

Interpubic disc

Lumbosacral joint

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Anulus fibrosis

Intervertebral disc

Supraspinous ligament

Iliolumbar ligament

Sacroiliac joint <— tagged all the time on the radiology

Sacrotuberous ligament

Sacrospinous ligament

Posterior sacroiliac ligament

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Richie Truxillo’s Anatomy Study Guide - Head and Neck

Anatomy boldfaced terms to know for written and practical exams.

*Version three added on April 27, 2005 12:47 AM*

Head and Neck Boldfaced terms

SKULL
OSTEOLOGY

Endochondral bone

Membrane bone

Neurocranium

Viscerocranium

Basicranium

Cranial vault

Calvaria

Sagittal suture

Coronal suture

Bregma

Vertex

Parietal eminence

Frontal bone

Parietal bones

Temporal bone

Lambdoidal sutures

Lambda

Sutural bones

Sphenoid bone

Inferior aspect

External occipital protuberance (inion)

Superior nuchal line

External occipital crest

Inferior nuchal line

Foramen magnum

Occipital condyles

Hypoglossal canals

Mastoid process

Clivus

Basioccipital part

Basisphenoid part

Pharyngeal tubercle

Petrous temporal bone

Jugular foramen

Styloid process

Mastoid process

Stylomastoid foramen

Facial nerve

Carotid canal

Foramen lacerum

Auditory tube

Foramen spinosum

Middle meningeal a.

Foramen oval

Medial pterygoid plate

Pterygoid hamulus

Lateral pterygoid plate

Pterygoid fossa

Vomer

Vertical plate of ethmoid bone

Palate

Horizontal process of palatine bone

Palatine process of maxilla

Incisive foramen

Concha (Superior, Middle, Inferior)

Anterior aspect

Supraorbital margins

Zygomatic bone

Maxillary bone

Zygomatic arch

Orbital margin

Lacrimal canal

Ethmoidal air cells

Maxillary sinus

Infraorbital foramen

Supraorbital foramen

Supraorbital notch

Lacrimal bone

Nasal bones

Piriform aperture

Interior cranium

Middle meningeal a.

Granular pits

Lateral lacunae

Parietal emissary foramina

Cranial fossa

Anterior

Middle

Posterior

Internal occipital protuberance

Groove for transverse sinus

Groove for sigmoid sinus

Confluence of sinuses

Groove for superior sagittal sinus

Groove for superior petrosal sinus

Groove for inferior petrosal sinus

Internal auditory meatus

Posterior clinoid processes

Anterior clinoid process

Hypophyseal fossa

Sella turcica

Carotid canal

Foramen ovale

Foramen spinosum

Foramen lacerum

Foramen rotundum

Inferior orbital fissure

Superior orbital fissure

Optic canal

Crista galli

Cribriform plate

Mandible

Body

Ramus

Mental protuberance

Mental foramen

Angle of mandible

Coronoid process

Condylar process

Mandibular condyle

Head of mandible

Neck of mandible

Mandibular notch

Mandibular foramen

Mylohyoid groove

Lingual

Formula for adult dentition (per quadrant)

2 incisors

1 canine

2 premolars

3 molars

32 total

Alveolus bony socket

Lateral aspect of skull

Superior temporal line

Inferior temporal line

Infratemporal fossa

External auditory meatus

Pterygomaxillary fissure

Pterygopalatine fossa

Sphenopalatine foramen

Cervical vertebrae

Upper cervical segment

Atlas

Lateral masses

Tubercle for transverse ligament

Anterior arch

Anterior tubercle

Facet for dens

Posterior arch

Groove for vertebral a.

Posterior tubercle

Atlas

Dens

Lower cervical segment

Anterior tubercle

Posterior tubercle

Costotransverse bar

Transverse foramen

Superior lip (unci, uncal process)

Uncovertebral joint

Vertebral prominens

SOFT TISSUE TERMS

Scalp

S skin

C close subcutaneous tissue

A aponeurosis (Galea aponeurotica)

L loose areolar tissue

P pericranium

Dura mater

Periosteum layer

Meningeal layer

Venous sinuses

Lateral lacunae

Arachnoid granulations

Middle meningeal aa.

Brain

Cortex

Sulcus (sulci)

Gyrus (gyri)

Cerebral hemisphere

Frontal lobe

Central sulcus

Parietal lobes

Lateral sulcus

Temporal lobes

Occipital lobe

Cerebellum

Brainstem

Pons

Medulla oblongata

Midbrain

Diencephalon

Optic nerves

Optic chiasm

Hypophysis

Vertebral aa.

Anterior spinal a.

Posterior spinal aa.

Posterior inferior cerebellar a.

Basilar a.

Posterior cerebral aa.

Anterior inferior cerebellar aa.

Superior cerebellar aa.

Internal carotid a.

Ophthalmic a.

Middle cerebral a.

Anterior cerebral a.

Posterior communicating a.

Anterior communicating a.

Circulus arteriosus (Arterial circle of Willis)

Cranial Fossae and Cranial Nerves

Dural processes

Falx cerebri

Tentorium cerebelli

Tentorial notch

Diphragma sellae

Superior sagittal sinus

Inferior sagittal sinus

Straight sinus

Occipital sinus

Transverse sinus

Sigmoid sinus

Cavernous sinus

Superior petrosal sinus

Inferior petrosal sinus

Intercavernous sinus

CN I Olfactory n.

Olfactory bulbs

Olfactory tract

CN II Optic n.

Optic chiasm

Optic tract

CN III Occulomotor n.

CN IV Trochlear n.

CN V Trigeminal n.

Trigeminal ganglion

Cavum trigeminale

CN VI Abducens n.

CN VII Facial n.

CN VIII Vestibulocochlear n.

CN IX Glossopharyngeal n.

CN X Vagus n.

CN XI Spinal Accessory n.

Spinal roots of accessory n.

CN XII Hypoglossal n.

Posterior neck

Trapezius m.

Splenius capitus m.

Semispinalis capitis m.

Greater occipital n.

Semispinalis cervicis m.

Obliquus capitis inferior m.

Rectus capitis posterior major m.

Nuchal line

Rectus capitis posterior minor m.

Suboccipital n.

Obliquus capitis superior m.

Longissimus capitis m.

Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane

Posterior atlanto-axial membrane

Membrana tectoria (tectorial membrane)

Transverse ligament of atlas

Cruciform ligament

Apical ligament

Alar ligament

Orbit

Periorbita

Levator palpebrae superioris m.

Medial rectus m.

Lateral rectus m.

Opthalmic n.

Frontal n.

Supratrochlear n.

Supraorbital n.

Lacrimal n.

Lacrimal gland

Superior rectus m.

Superior oblique m.

Trochlea

Trochlear n.

Anulus tendineus

CN III Occulomotor n.

CN VI Abducens n.

Nasociliary n.

Long ciliary n.

Short ciliary n.

Infratrochlear n.

Anterior ethmoidal n.

CN II Optic n.

Ophthalmic a.

Central artery of retina

Long posterior ciliary aa.

Short posterior ciliary aa.

Short anterior ciliary aa.

Superior Face

Frontalis m.

Supraorbital

Nerve

Artery

Vein

Supratrochlear

Nerve

Artery

Vein

Orbicularis oculi m.

Medial palpebral ligament

Orbital septum (palpebral fascia)

Tarsus

Upper

Lower

Tarsal glands (Meibomian glands)

Conjunctival sac

Conjunctiva

Palpebral conjunctiva

Bulbar conjunctiva

Conjunctival fornix

Puncta

Lacrimal canaliculi

Nasolacrimal duct

Lacrimal sac

Inferior rectus m.

Inferior oblique m.

Superficial neck

Platysma m.

Infrahyoid mm.

Sternohyoid m.

Sternothyroid m.

Thyrohyoid m.

Superior belly of omohyoid m.

Inferior belly of omohyoid m.

Central tendon

Mandibular branch of facial n.

Lesser occipital n.

Greater auricular n.

Transverse cervical n.

Supraclavicular n.

Anterior branch

Middle branch

Posterior branch

External jugular v.

Retromandibular v.

Ansa cervicalis

Superior root (descendens hypoglossi)

Inferior root (descendens cervicalis)

Carotid sheath

Internal jugular v.

Common carotid a.

Vagus n.

Internal carotid a.

External carotid a.

Superior thyroid a.

Superior laryngeal n.

Ascending pharyngeal a.

Sinus n.

Carotid sinus

Carotid body

Lingual a.

Facial a.

Occipital a.

Scalenus anterior m.

Roots of brachial plexus

Subclavian a.

Scalenus medius m.

Scalenus posterior m.

Thyroid gland

Isthmus

Superior thyroid a.

Superior thyroid v.

Inferior thyroid a.

Inferior thyroid v.

Larynx and Deep Neck

Larynx

Aditus

Vestibule

(True) vocal folds

(False) vestibular vocal folds

Ventricle

Rima glottidis

Cricothyroid m.

Cricothyroid joint

Cricothyroid ligament

Superior laryngeal a.

Internal branch of superior laryngeal n.

External branch of superior laryngeal n.

Recurrent laryngeal n.

Inferior laryngeal n.

Thyroid cartilage

Laryngeal prominence

Thyrohyoid membrane

Cricoid cartilage

Cricothyroid membrane

Arytenoid cartilage

Epiglottis

Epiglottic cartilage

Arytenoideus m.

Aryepiglottic fold

Aryepiglotticus m.

Posterior cricoarytenoideus m.

Lateral cricoarytenoideus m.

Thyroarytenoideus m.

Thyroepligotticus m.

Laryngopharynx

Piriform recess

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor m.

Cricopharyngeus m.

Middle pharyngeal constrictor m.

Esophagus

Buccopharyngeal fascia

Retropharyngeal space

Prevertebral fascia

Tracheal rings

Longus colli m.

Longus capitis m.

Rectus capitis anterior m.

Rectus capitis lateralis m.

Suprahyoid and Submandibular Regions

Submandibular gland

Anterior belly of digastric m.

Intermediate tendon

Posterior belly of digastric m.

Mylohyoid m.

Geniohyoid m.

Hyoglossus m.

Styloglossus m.

Genioglossus m.

Sublingual gland

Stylohyoid m.

Stylohyoid ligament

Inferior Face

Facial (mimetic) musculature

Zygomaticus m.

Buccinator m.

Orbicularis oris m.

Levator labii superioris m.

Depressor labii inferioris

Levator anguli oris m.

Depressor anguli oris m.

Parotid duct

Parotid gland

Accessory parotid gland

CN VII Facial n.

Temporal branch

Zygomatic branch

Buccal branch

Mandibular branch

Cervical branch

Transverse facial a.

Superficial temporal a.

Facial a.

Superior labial branch

Inferior labial branch

Facial v.

Transverse facial v.

Superficial temporal v.

Angular a.

Angular v.

Infratemporal
Fossa

Retromandibular v.

Superficial temporal a.

Masseter m.

Masseteric n.

Temporalis m.

Temporalis fascia

Infratemporal fossa

Inferior alveolar n.

Inferior alveolar a.

Mandibular foramen

Mental foramen

Mylohyoid n.

Lateral pterygoid m.

Superior head

Inferior head

Middle meningeal a.

Inferior alveolar a.

Posterior superior alveolar a.

Otic ganglion

Auriculotemporal n.

Buccal n.

Chorda tympani

Temporomandibular joint

Medial pterygoid m.

Pterygomandibular raphe

Buccopharyngeal fascia

Superior pharyngeal constrictor m.

Stylohyoid m.

Styloglossus m.

Stylopharyngeus m.

Stylohyoid ligament

CN IX Glossopharyngeal n.

Superior ganglia

Inferior ganglia

Pharyngeal plexus

CN X Vagus n.

Jugular ganglion

Nodose ganglion

Sympathetic trunk

Superior cervical ganglion

Carotid plexus

Middle cervical ganglion

Cervicothoracic ganglion

Oral Cavity

Tongue

Frenulum linguae

Hard palate

Soft palate

Palatoglossal arch

Teeth

2 Incisors

1 Canine

2 Premolars

3 Molars

Gingiva

Submandibular duct opening

Parotid duct opening

Intrinsic tongue musculature

Mandibular n.

Lingual n.

Buccal branch

Greater palatine n.

Greater palatine a.

Nasal Cavity

Vestibule

External naris

Atrium

Nasal septum

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

Vomer

Septal cartilage

Concha

Superior

Middle

Inferior

Meatus

Superior

Middle

Hiatus semilunaris

Inferior

Orifice of nasolacrimal duct

Sphenethmoidal recess

Sphenoidal air sinus

Infundibulum

Frontal air sinus

Orifice for maxillary sinus

Ethmoidal air cells

Maxillary air sinus

Pterygopalatine ganglion

Anterior ethmoid n.

Posterolateral nasal branches of maxillary n (CN V2)

Nasopalatine n.

Ethmoidal branches of ophthalmic a.

Sphenopalatine a.

Pharynx

Nasopharynx

Orifice for auditory tube

Torus tubarius

Salpingopharyngeal fold

Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid)

Oropharynx

Palatoglossal arch

Palatopharyngeal arch

Palatine tonsils

Crypts

Auditory tube (Eustachian tube)

Tensor palati m.

Levator palati m.

Salpingopharyngeus m.

Pharyngeal plexus

Palatoglossus m.

Palatopharyngeus m.

Musculus uvulae

Uvula

Middle Ear

Tympanic cavity

Malleus

Incus

Stapes

CN VIII Vestibulocochlear n.

Tensor tympani m.

Stapedius m.

Aditus

Antrum of mastoid air cells

Semicircular canals

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your mind…CLICK HERE FOR A LAUGH